大豆光合指标日变化规律及其与产量关系研究

Study on Diurnal Variation of Photosynthetic Index and Its Relationship with Yield in Soybean

为探究大豆光合特性日变化规律及其与产量相关性,更好地预测和评价大豆产量并筛选高产高光效大豆品种,以4个生育期差异较小、产量差异较大的大豆品种临豆9号、潍豆9号、菏豆12号和齐黄34为材料,测定不同品种在开花期、结荚期、鼓粒期和成熟期4个主要生育期的光合指标和叶绿素荧光参数变化规律及其与大豆产量的关系。结果表明:在开花期至成熟期,光合速率日变化呈单峰或双峰曲线,最高峰值出现在10∶00;高产品种齐黄34在鼓粒期和成熟期光合速率日均值显著高于其它品种;产量在结荚期和鼓粒期与Pn日均值、ΦPSⅡ日均值呈显著正相关,与Ci日均值呈显著负相关;鼓粒期和成熟期,Gs日均值与产量呈显著正相关,结果说明结荚期至成熟期,Pn、Gs、Ci、ΦPSⅡ日均值是高产、高光效品种鉴定评价的重要指标。

In order to explore the law of diurnal variation of photosynthetic index of soybean and its correlation with yield,in order to predict and evaluate soybean yield and screen soybean varieties with high yield and high light efficiency. This study used four soybean varieties Lindou 9, Weidou 9, Hedou 12, and Qihuang 34 with small growth stage differences and large yield differences as materials. We measured the changes of photosynthetic indexes and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in four main growth stages of different varieties, namely, flowering stage, podding stage, seed filling stage and maturation stage, and their relationship with soybean yield. The results showed the daily change of photosynthetic rate showed a single or double peak curve from the flowering stage to the mature stage, and the highest peak appeared at 10∶00. The daily mean photosynthetic rate of high-yield variety Qihuang 34 was significantly higher than that of other varieties at seed filling and maturation stage. The yield during the podding stage and seed filling stage was significantly positively correlated with the daily average value of Pn and the daily average value of ΦPSⅡ, and was significantly negatively correlated with the daily average value of Ci. The average daily Gs was significantly positively correlated with yield during seed filling stage and maturation stage. It is showed that the daily average values of Pn, Gs, Ci and ΦPSⅡ of podding stage to mature stage were important indicators for identification and evaluation of high-yield and high-light-efficiency varieties.