碳捕集技术应用进展及碳交易市场分析

Application progress of carbon capture technologies and analysis of carbon emission permits trade market

针对低碳经济转型的发展趋势,分析了碳捕集技术的应用进展和碳交易市场的发展前景。常见的碳捕集技术有化学吸收法、物理吸收法、吸附分离法、膜分离法和生物固碳法等,其中化学吸收法技术成熟、应用最广;碳捕集装置可生产工业级和食品级液体CO2,广泛应用于采油、焊接、化工、食品等领域,2017—2019年国内液体CO2生产装置开工率为51.0%~54.5%,CO2下游市场始终呈现出供大于求的态势;碳交易是CO2减排的推动力,2013—2019年中国碳市场的平均碳价为21.5元/t,预计2020—2030年碳价将逐年提升;目前碳捕集技术的大面积推广还面临着各方面的阻力,包括捕集成本偏高、下游市场需求不足、碳市场有待完善等,未来应继续降低碳捕集装置的投资运行成本,以提高该技术的经济效益,取得更大规模的CO2减排效果。

Aiming at the development trend of low-carbon economy transformation,the research progress of carbon capture technologies and market prospect of carbon emission permits trade were analyzed.The results showed that the common carbon capture technologies included chemical absorption,physical absorption,adsorption separation,membrane separation and biological carbon fixation,and the chemical absorption method was the most mature and widely used.The carbon capture device could produce industrial-grade and food-grade liquid CO2,which was widely used in oil extraction,welding,chemical engineering,food industry and other fields.The domestic operating rate of liquid CO2 production device was 51.0%-54.5%from 2017 to 2019,and the downstream market always showed a situation of oversupply.Carbon emission permits trade could promote reduction of CO2 emission,and the average carbon emission permits trade price from 2013 to 2019 was 21.5 RMB/t in China,as well as the trade price was expected to increase gradually from 2020 to 2030.The large-scale promotion of carbon capture technologies still faced various obstacles at present,including high capture costs,insufficient downstream market demand,and need for a more complete carbon emission permits trade market.In the future,it is necessary to continue to reduce the investment and operating costs of carbon capture device in order to improve the economic benefits of the technology and achieve larger-scale reduction of CO2 emission.