谈谈“考+NP”结构

On the Structure of“Kao+NP”

“考+NP”结构是一个多义结构。其多义性受到了结构中各个成分语义的影响,如“考”的词义“考核”和“考取”义,其受宾语NP的[±顺序][±有生性]等语义特征的影响。与此同时,其多义性还取决于是否处于相同[+顺序]的序列,如“考大学生”和“考研究生”的区别就是决定于“研究生”跨越了两个不同的序列。这些因素互相制约,与“读+NP”结构比较,发现VP的语义会制约宾语NP的语义提取;而宾语的[±顺序]也会制约“考”的“考核”和“考取”义在组合中的实现与否。可见语言交际采用自主疗法,规避“考研究生”的歧义,可达到更有效的交流。

“Kao+NP”is a polysemous structure.Its polysemy is influenced by the semantics of each component in the structure,such as the meanings of“Kao”and“Kao He”and“Kao Qu”,which are influenced by the semantic features of the object NP such as[±sequence]and[±nature].At the same time,its ambiguity also depends on whether it is in the same[+sequence].For example,the difference between“testing college students”and“taking an examination to become graduate students”is determined by the fact that“graduate students”span two different sequences.These factors restrict each other.Compared with the structure of“Du+NP”,it is found that the semantics of VP will restrict the semantic extraction of object NP;the[±sequence]of objects will also restrict the realization of the meanings of“Kao”in“Kao He”and“Kao Qu”in the combination.It can be seen that,autonomous therapy should be adopted in the use of language to avoid the ambiguity of“taking an examination to become graduate students”so as to make communication more effective.