民事自助行为及其异化相关问题探析

On the Civil Self-help Behavior and its Dissimilation

一直以来,民事立法中未将自助行为纳入侵权免责范围,但是在社会生活中其作为解决民事纠纷特别是债权纠纷的一种重要手段客观存在并且表现为多种形式。因权利人实施自助行为维权而引发的违法犯罪也成为司法实践中一个无法回避的问题。我国民法典在侵权责任编中确立了“自助行为”免责事由制度,为此类案件的正确处理提供了一定的法律依据和制度保障。为保障自助行为得到正确行使,同时维护正常的民事经济活动秩序,有必要在实践中明晰自助行为的合法合理行使边界、异化表现及认定、加强规制与预防等相关问题,以实现民事主体行使权利的行为自由,保障义务人人身、财产合法权益,维护正常社会管理秩序、安全的价值统一。

Self-help behavior has not been brought into the scope of tort exemption in civil law for a long time,but it exists objectively and manifests in various forms as an important means to solve civil disputes,especially the disputes of creditor's rights and debts in social life.The illegal crime caused by the obligee's self-help behavior has also become an unavoidable problem in the judicial practice.The Civil Code of China establishes the exemption system of liability for"self-help behavior"in tort liability,which provides a legal basis and institutional guarantee for the correct handling of such cases.In order to protect proper exercise of self-help behavior,and maintain the normal order of civil economic activities at the same time,it is necessary to clarify the legal and reasonable exercise boundary of self-help behavior in practice,the dissimilation and confirmation,and strengthen the regulation and prevention,so as to realize the civil subject's freedom of action in exercising his rights,to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the person and property,and to maintain the unity of values of normal social management order and security.