我国农业类上市公司研发效率测度与划分——基于SBM-Malmquist模型和企业生命周期的实证分析

Measurement and Division of Research and Development Efficiency of Listed Agricultural Enterprises in China--Empirical Analysis Based on SBM-Malmquist Model and Enterprise Life Cycle

研发效率是衡量企业创新能力的核心指标,如何根据研发效率来评估创新能力,并据此制定相应的战略决策是企业面临的重要现实问题。本文基于2015-2018年22家农业类上市公司研发投入产出的面板数据,运用DEA-BCC、超效率SBM、DEA-Malmquist模型对研发效率及其变化趋势进行综合评价,依据研发效率测算值对企业生命周期进行划分,并对每个发展阶段的公司特征进行分析。研究结果表明:我国农业类上市公司研发效率整体处于较低水平;多数农业类上市公司处于规模报酬递增阶段,但不同公司间效率差异较大;研发人员的配置上普遍存在冗余,阻碍了大多数公司研发效率的提升;农业类上市公司全要素生产效率的下滑主要是由技术进步率的降低所导致的;从企业生命周期视角分析得出大部分公司仍处于初始和成长阶段。基于以上研究结果可知农业类公司应加强公司内部管理、优化人力资源配置,加快新技术研发速度,鼓励处于初始和成长阶段的公司加大研发要素投入力度,对于处于衰退期的公司要优化组织结构,提高公司治理能力。

Research and development efficiency is the core index to measure the innovation ability of enterprises.How to evaluate the innovation ability according to the research and development efficiency and make corresponding strategic decisions is an important practical problem faced by enterprises.Based on the panel data of research and development(R&D) input and output of 22 listed agricultural enterprises from 2015 to 2018,this paper used DEA-BCC,super-efficient SBM and DEA-Malmquist models to comprehensively evaluate the R&D efficiency and its variation trend,divided the enterprise life cycle according to the measured value of R&D efficiency,and analyzed the characteristics of each stage of development.The results show that the R&D efficiency of listed agricultural enterprises in China is generally at a low level.Most agricultural listed enterprises are in the stage of increasing return on scale,but the efficiency varies greatly among different enterprises.There is redundancy in the configuration of r&d personnel,which hinders the improvement of r&d efficiency in most enterprises.The decline of the total factor production efficiency of agricultural listed enterprises is mainly caused by the decrease of technological progress rate.The analysis from the perspective of enterprise life cycle shows that most enterprises are still in the initial and growth stage.Based on the above research results,it can be seen that agricultural companies should strengthen internal management,optimize human resource allocation,accelerate the speed of new technology research and development,encourage companies in the initial and growth stages to increase investment in R&D factors,and optimize organizational structure and improve corporate governance ability for companies in the recession period.