环境规制对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响

Impact of Environmental Regulation on Urban Green Total Factor Productivity

随着生态文明建设的不断深入,政府通过环境规制政策来提升绿色全要素生产率(GTFP),这对于推进经济高质量发展具有重要的现实意义。基于全国2003-2016年261个地级城市的面板数据,采用兼有径向和非径向特点的EBM-Windows-Malmquist-Luenberger模型对城市绿色全要素生产率的变动进行测算,运用广义矩估计(GMM)模型和非可加性面板分位数回归(QRPD)模型分析环境规制对城市绿色全要素生产率变动的影响。研究发现:(1)中国东部、中部、西部以及东北部的城市绿色全要素生产率变动呈现出“倒U形”的特点,且纯技术效率变动是影响城市绿色全要素生产率变动的主要因素;(2)环境规制与城市绿色全要素生产率之间并不存在正向或者负向的线性关系,而是存在显著的“倒U形”关系;(3)不同分位点上环境规制对绿色全要素生产率变动的影响表现出明显的异质性,即在较低的分位点上环境规制对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响更大,较高分位点上环境规制对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响相对较小。

With the continuous deepening of ecological civilization construction,the Chinese government is promoting Green Total Factor Productivity(GTFP)by issuing environmental regulations,which is of great practical significance to promoting high-quality economic development.Based on the panel data of 261 cities in China from 2003 to 2016,this paper tried to measure the change of urban GTFP by using the EBM-Windows-Malmquist-Luenberger model,which has both radial and non-radial characteristics,and then analyzed the impact of environmental regulations on urban GTFP by using the generalized moment estimation and the quantile regression estimator for panel data with non-additive fixed effects.This research has mainly obtained three results.Firstly,the changes of urban GTFP in the eastern,central,western and northeastern regions of China from 2003 to 2016,are of an“inverted U”shape.And the change of pure technical efficiency is the main factor affecting urban GTFP.Secondly,there is no positive or negative linear relationship between environmental regulations and urban GTFP,but these is a significant“inverted U”relationship between them.Thirdly,the influence of environmental regulations on GTFP at different sub-points shows obvious heterogeneity.That is,at a lower sub-point,environmental regulations have a greater impact on urban GTFP,and others do the opposite.