神经调控技术简述

A general overview of neuromodulation

神经调控是利用侵入性或非侵入性技术、采用物理性(光、磁、电、超声)或化学性手段改变神经系统功能的生物医学工程技术。过去的30年里,随着人们对脑功能调控机制的深入研究以及现代科学技术的发展,神经调控已经从基本概念转化为临床应用,从单纯技术发展成百亿产业。同时,新兴的神经调控技术也不断涌现。神经调控技术的发展不但为神经科学基础研究提供了全新的研究工具,也为神经系统疾病临床治疗提供了崭新的干预手段。将简述神经调控技术的发展现状和应用领域,阐明不同神经调控技术的作用原理和优劣势,以及展望神经调控技术的发展前景。

Neuromodulation refers to a series of biomedical engineering techniques which normalize or modulate the function of the nervous system through invasive or non-invasive delivery of physical or chemical stimulus.In the past thirty years,with the in-depth understanding of the nervous system and its mechanisms of action,as well as the rapidly developing modern techniques,neuromodulation has evolved from basic concept to clinical applications.At the same time,new concepts and alternative methods of neuromodulation are constantly being innovated,tested and put into practice.The advancing of neuromodulation techniques will not only provide new tools for basic neuroscience research but also offer novel therapeutic options for neurological and psychiatric disorders.In this overview,we will briefly introduce the current status of different types of neuromodulation techniques,including the clinical applications,underlying mechanisms of their therapeutic effects and advantages/disadvantages,as well as the prospects for the future.