深圳市2006至2017年职业病特征分析

Epidemiological study of occupational diseases in Shenzhen City,China in 2006~2017

目的:了解深圳市2006至2017年职业病发病情况,为制定职业病防治策略和措施提供依据。方法:于2019年6月,通过职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统,收集深圳市2006年1月1日至2017年12月31日新发职业病病例信息资料,对疾病谱、时间、地区、行业等特点和发病趋势进行统计学分析。结果:深圳市职业病共8大类64种1673例,主要发病类型为化学中毒(31.50%,527/1673)、耳鼻喉口腔疾病(28.21%,472/1673)和尘肺及其他呼吸系统疾病(21.34%,357/1673)。以4年为间隔统计,2006至2009年、2010~2013年和2014至2017年职业病数分别为362、584、727例;2006至2019年时间段耳鼻喉口腔疾病和物理因素所致职业病构成比依次增加,化学中毒、尘肺及其他呼吸系统疾病和皮肤病的构成比依次降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。职业病主要集中于宝安(37.65%,215/571)、龙岗(17.16%,98/571)、龙华(13.84%,79/571)和坪山(13.84%,79/571)4个辖区,职业病主要发生于制造业(86.79%,1452/1673),多发于私营经济(47.76%,799/1673)和小型企业(37.78%,632/1673)。结论:深圳市职业病依然处于增长态势,应加强耳鼻喉口腔疾病、化学中毒和尘肺病特别是噪声聋的防控,重点关注宝安、龙岗和龙华等辖区,以及私营经济和小型企业。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of occupational diseases in Shenzhen City,China in 2006-2017,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of occupational diseases.Methods Cases of occupational diseases in 2006-2017 were collected from the Information System of Occupational Diseases and Occupational Health.A statistical analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of the disease distribution in terms of spectrum of disease,year,area,industry,type of economy and enterprise scale.Results A total of 1673 cases of occupational disease(64 types,8 classes)were diagnosed and reported in 2006-2017,chemical poisoning(31.50%),ear,nose and throat diseases(28.21%),and pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases(21.34%)were the most three commonest occupational diseases.The constituent of ratio of ear,nose and throat diseases and occupational diseases caused by physical factors increased in turn,the constituent of chemical poisoning,pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases,and skin disease reduced in turn,which all showed the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Occupational diseases were often seen in districts of Baoan,Longgang,Longhua and Pingshan,as well as in private economy and small enterprise,mainly occurred in manufacturing industry.Conclusion The incidence of occupational diseases increased steadily in 2006-2017,and we need to strengthen common occupational diseases,especially occupational noise-induced hearing loss,pay attention to districts of Baoan,Longgang,Longhua and Pingshan,as well as private economy and small enterprise.