共情能力在护理本科生人格特征与人文关怀能力间的中介效应分析

Mediating effects of empathy ability between personality characteristics and humanistic care ability of nursing undergraduates

目的探讨共情能力在护理本科生人格特征与人文关怀能力间的中介效应。方法采取便利抽样法,选取2019年6—7月某医学院护理学院大一至大四的490名护理本科生为研究对象。采用一般状况调查表、人文关怀能力量表(Caring Ability Inventory,CAI)、护生共情能力调查问卷(the Jefferson Scale of Physi-cian Empathy-Nursing Student,JSPE-NS)、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale Chinese,EPQ-RSC)对其进行调查。共发放问卷490份,回收有效问卷435份。结果435名护理本科生的CAI得分为(184.38±19.49)分。Sobel-test结果显示,护生共情能力在外向性、神经质人格特征与人文关怀能力之间有部分中介作用,效应值分别为16.0%和23.0%。结论护生的人文关怀能力处于较低水平,共情能力在护理本科生外向性、神经质人格特征及人文关怀能力之间起部分中介作用。护理教育者可以通过提高护生共情能力来改变外向性、神经质人格特征对人文关怀能力的影响,从而提高护理本科生的人文关怀能力。

Objective To explore the mediating effect of empathy ability between personality characteristics and humanistic care ability of nursing undergraduates.Methods The convenient sampling method was adopted to select 490 nursing undergraduates from the freshman to senior year of school of nursing in a medical university from June to July 2019 as the research objects.General information questionnaire,Caring Ability Inventory(CAI),the Jefferson Scale of Physi-cian Empathy-Nursing Student(JSPE-NS)and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale Chinese(EPQ-RSC)were used to conduct the questionnaire survey.A total of 490 questionnaires were issued and 435 valid questionnaires were recovered.Results CAI score of 435 nursing undergraduates was(184.38±19.49).The results of Sobel-test showed that the empathy ability of nursing students had a partial mediating effect between extroversion and neurotic personality characteristics and humanistic care ability,with effect values of 16.0%and 23.0%,respectively.Conclusions The humanistic care ability of nursing students is at a low level,and the empathy ability plays a part of mediating role among the extroversion and neurotic personality characteristics and humanistic care ability of nursing undergraduates.Nursing educators can change the influence of extroversion and neurotic personality characteristics on the humanistic care ability by improving the empathy of nursing students,thereby improving the humanistic care ability of nursing undergraduates.