低温对水稻光合特性的影响

Effects of Low Temperature on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice

光合作用在农作物生长发育过程中起到至关重要的作用,也是其产量高低的决定性因素,而低温冷害是影响水稻生长发育和产量的严重自然灾害之一,故前人就低温冷害对水稻光合特性影响展开了大量研究。综述了低温冷害对栽培稻和野生稻各生长发育时期包括光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率等光合特性指标的影响。同时从选育抗低温品种、采取合理使用外源物质及改变灌水层高度等有效栽培措施等方面提出了增强水稻抗低温能力的建议,对保证水稻在低温冷害时维持正常产量具有指导意义。

Photosynthesis not only plays an important role in the growth and development of crops,but also plays a decisive role in the yield.Low temperature and chilling injury is one of the serious natural disasters that affect the growth and yield of rice.Therefore,many studies have been carried out on the effects of low temperature and chilling injury on photosynthetic characteristics of rice.In order to provide theoretical guidance for maintaining normal yield of rice under chilling injury,the effects of chilling injury on photosynthetic characteristics of cultivated rice and wild rice at different growth stages,including photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate,were reviewed.At the same time,the prospect was put forward from the aspects of breeding low temperature resistant varieties,rational use of exogenous substances and changing the height of irrigation layer,so as to improve the low temperature resistance of cultivated rice and wild rice,and ensure that they still have normal photosynthetic capacity under low temperature conditions,which has theoretical significance for ensuring the normal yield of rice under low temperature and cold injury.