茶树两段法育苗与覆膜栽培技术

Two-Stage Seedling-Raising Technique and Plastic Film Mulching Cultivation of Tea Plants

针对湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州保靖黄金茶传统育苗和栽培技术中存在的育苗周期长、茶苗定植成活率低、新建茶园成园迟、投产前生产成本高等问题,提出了两段法育苗与覆膜栽培技术模式。2017—2020年进行试验示范的结果表明:与湘西州传统育苗和栽培技术相比,育苗周期缩短7~10个月,定植成活率提高36.1%;采用两段法育苗技术繁育的穴盘苗和营养钵苗定植后的株高和树幅明显优于普通茶苗,采用覆膜栽培新建茶园的除草效率提高300%,每年可减少人工成本400~450元/667m^2。该技术模式在湖南湘西推广具有明显提高茶苗质量与定植成活率、增强生长势和降低生产成本的效果。

In view of the problems in the traditional seedling raising and cultivation techniques of Baojing Huangjincha in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province,such as long seedling-raising period,low survival rate of tea seedlings after field transplanting,late availability of new tea garden and high production cost before putting into production,a two-stage cutting seedlingraising method combined with film mulching cultivation was proposed.The 2017-2020 experimental demonstration results showed that compared with the traditional seedling-raising and cultivation techniques in Xiangxi,the seedling-raising period was shortened by 7-10 months,and the survival rate of field seedlings was increased by 36.1%;after field transplanting,the plant height and tree canopy of the plug seedlings and nutrition bowl seedlings cultured by two-stage seedling-raising technique were obviously larger than those of conventional seedlings;the weeding efficiency of the newly-built tea garden with plastic film mulching was increased by 300%,and the annual labor cost could be reduced by 6000~6750 yuan/hm^2.The popularization of this technique in Xiangxi will have the benefits of obviously improving the quality and the survival rate of tea seedlings,enhancing the growth potential and reducing the production cost.