水电运行期典型水足迹计算方法分析——以三峡水电站为例

Analysis of calculation method of typical water footprint in hydropower operation period——Taking Three Gorges Hydropower Station as an example

水足迹是近年发展起来的水资源利用与管理方法,通过水足迹方法量化和分析水力发电对水资源的消耗程度,可为水电产品的水资源高效利用提供数据与方法支撑。我国是电力生产与消费大国,水力发电为仅次于火力发电的电力生产方式。本文针对目前水电运行期典型水足迹计算方法(总蒸发法、净蒸发法和水量平衡法),辨析不同水足迹算法之间的区别和联系,并以三峡水电站为例讨论了三种算法对水电运行期水足迹计算结果的影响。研究表明,总蒸发法的水电运行期水足迹为0.0132m^3/kW·h,净蒸发法所得结果0.00441m^3/kW·h,均小于水量平衡法计算的水足迹0.0147m^3/kW·h。

Water footprint is a method of water resources utilization and management developed in recent years, which can provide data and method support for the efficient utilization of water resources of hydropower products by quantifying and analyzing the consumption of water resources by hydropower. In China, the electric power production and consumption are huge, and hydroelectric power is the electric power production mode second only to thermal power generation. In this paper, according to the current typical water footprint calculation methods(total evaporation method, net evaporation method and water balance method), the differences and relations among these three water footprint algorithms are discriminated and analyzed. Taking Three Gorges Hydropower Station as an example, the effects of these three calculation methods on the calculation results of water footprint during hydropower operation period are discussed. The results show that the water footprint of total evaporation method is 0.0132 m^3/kg/h, the result of net evaporation method is 0.00441 m^3/kg/h, and both are less than the water footprint 0.0147 m^3/kW·h calculated by water balance method.