第一书记制度实践的差异化类型及其形塑机制

Differentiated Types of First Secretary System Practice and Its Shaping Mechanism

第一书记制度是我国扶贫领域的一项制度探索和创新,其在基层治理实践中呈现出复杂性和多样化的特征。第一书记制度的进村,在村庄层面实现国家治理和基层自治的对接,形成了具有差异化的治理结构和实践样态。村庄调研发现,第一书记制度与村庄社会的互动存在三种关系模式:包办替代型、合作辅助型和被动疏离型。这一实践差异由村庄的资源基础与治理能力、地方政府的村庄定位与资源匹配以及第一书记的个人资源网络与职业追求三方面形塑而成。第一书记制度在实践中产生了精准性和可持续性问题,优化第一书记制度绩效应从组织体系再造和资源精准对接两方面展开,以推动村庄内生脱贫潜能和自主发展能力的提升。

The first secretary system with the characteristics of complexity and diversification in the practice of grassroots governance is an institutional exploration and innovation in the field of poverty alleviation in China.The introduction of the first secretary system into the village has realized the integration of national governance and grass-roots autonomy at the village level,forming a differentiated governance structure and practice.The survey of villages found that there are three modes of interaction between the first secretary system and the village society:arranged substitution,cooperative assistance,and passive alienation.This practical difference is shaped by the village’s resource base and governance capabilities,local government’s village positioning and resource matching,and the first secretary’s personal resource network and career pursuit.The first secretary system has produced problems of accuracy and sustainability in practice.Optimizing the performance of the first secretary system should be carried out from the aspects of organizational system reconstruction and accurate resource docking in order to promote the endogenous poverty alleviation and independent development capabilities.