中国民办教育的发展成就及其机制分析——兼论“掐尖说”的误区

An Analysis of the Achievement and Mechanism of the Development of Private Education in China——A Rebuttal to the“Cream of the Crop”Statement

2002年《中华人民共和国民办教育促进法》颁布以来,中国民办教育蓬勃发展。到2018年底,已经有各级各类民办学校18.35万所,在校学生5378万人,当年形成的财政贡献超过7000亿元,为国家教育事业发展做出了巨大贡献。民办教育取得的发展成就是政府政策、市场需求和民办学校自主办学共同作用的结果。其中的关键机制是民办教育能够根据市场信号为社会提供多样化、个性化的教育,满足了现代社会发展对多样化教育的需要。但是,2018年以来,“掐尖说”甚嚣尘上,把义务教育阶段民办教育的发展归因于“掐尖”的结果。这既不符合民办学校创新发展的普遍事实,也不符合关于人类理性行为的普遍逻辑。继续发展民办教育是国家教育现代化的必要选择,也是教育事业发展的内在需要。

Since the installment of the Private Education Promoted Law in 2002,the private education sector has flourished in China.By the end of 2018,there were an estimated 53.78 million students receiving education spreading over 183500 private education entities of various sorts.In 2018,more than 700 billion yuan were contributed to national treasure,which hugely aided the development of the education sector.The development achievements of private education are the result of the joint effect of government policies,market demand,and selfsponsored education by private schools.The key mechanism is that private education can provide society with diversified and individualized education based on market signals and meet the needs of diversified education in the development of modern society.However,since 2018,the phenomenon of"cream of the crop"has been on the rise,and the development of private education in the compulsory education stage has been attributed to the"cream of the crop"result.This is neither in line with the general facts of the innovation and development of private schools,nor the general logic of human rational behavior.Hence,continuing to develop private education is a necessary choice for the modernization of national education,and also an inherent need for the development of education.