思想观念现代化运动:五四新文化运动

The Modernization Movement of Ideas:The May 4th New Culture Movement

中国对于现代化的追求已经有了100多年的历程。1840年鸦片战争以来,有着5 000多年古老文明的中国开始了现代化的进程。其间经历了器物革命、制度革命,先进的中国人在历史的曲折与复杂面前意识到,如果没有思想文化的现代化,中国的现代化终将难以完成。五四新文化运动就是在这种背景下发生的。陈独秀、胡适、鲁迅、吴虞等人是那个时期的代表人物。他们对思想文化的现代化追求就是以西方的"科学""民主"为旗帜,对中国的传统文化进行激烈的批判。在他们看来,儒家文化体现了中国封建专制制度下的人的奴役和不平等,因此,思想道德革命是吾国革命的最后革命。如果不批判传统儒家文化,中国的现代化就不可能实现。然而,他们没有认识到,中国传统文化虽然在传统社会中起着维持那个历史时期的封建制度的作用,但同时是中国人精神寄托和精神文化滋养所在。因此,现代化运动不可能完全割裂传统而是要在现代条件下继承传统文化并使之发扬光大。

China has been pursuing modernization for more than 100 years.Since the Opium War in 1840,China,with more than 5000 years of ancient civilization,has begun the process of modernization.During this period,it experienced the instrumental revolution and the institutional revolution.However,in the face of the twists and turns of history,the advanced Chinese realized that without the modernization of ideology and culture,China’s modernization would be difficult to complete.The May 4th New Culture Movement took place under this background.Chen Duxiu,Lu Xun,Hu Shi and Wu Yu were the representatives of that period.Their pursuit of modernization of ideology and culture is to take the western“science”and“democracy”as the banner and criticize the traditional Chinese culture fiercely.In their view,Confucian culture reflects the enslavement and inequality of human beings under the feudal autocratic system in China.Therefore,in their view,the ideological and moral revolution is the final revolution of our country’s revolution.If we do not criticize the traditional Confucian culture,China’s modernization will not be realized.They did not realize that although Chinese traditional culture played a role in maintaining the feudal system of that historical period in the traditional society,it was also the spiritual sustenance and spiritual culture nourishment of the Chinese people.Therefore,it is impossible for the modernization movement to completely separate the tradition,we need to inherit and carry forward the traditional culture under the modern conditions.