“十四五”时期的我国粮食安全:形势、问题与对策

China's Food Security during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period:Situation,Problems and Countermeasures

新冠肺炎疫情的全球蔓延打破了世界粮食生产与贸易的均衡格局,我国粮食安全面临的国内外形势均发生了重大变化,粮食海外贸易风险和不确定性显著增加,国内粮食产业出现了发展过程中的新问题,包括供需结构变化、大豆进口持续增加、粮食生产主体进入“老年化”、粮食绿色转型还不彻底等,未来破解我国粮食产业发展背后深层次的结构性矛盾与发展不平衡不充分的问题将会面临更大压力和挑战。基于粮食安全新形势变化,“十四五”时期我国粮食安全战略应从注重国内保障、数量增长、生产收储环节及追求化学产量转向全球视角、食物营养与安全、全产业链及藏粮于技,并从生产、消费、储备、流通和风险防范五个层面构建具有中国特色的粮食安全战略保障体系和目标。建议未来从创新粮食生产经营方式、培育壮大各类粮食产业经济主体、发挥科技创新支撑作用、持续深化粮食体制改革、积极参与全球粮食治理等方面制定相应的战略保障措施。

The COVID-19 pandemic has broken the balance of world food production and trade.China's food security faced major changes under the current international situation,and the risks and uncertainties of grain overseas trade increased.In the meanwhile,the domestic grain industry has shown new characteristics,including changes between the supply and demand structures,the continued increase in soybean imports,the majority of food producers for the elderly,and the reliance on input-based grain production mode,etc.In the future,China has to face greater pressures and challenges to solve the deep structural contradictions and insufficient development behind grain industry.Based on the above background,the strategic orientation of China's food security during the 14th Five-Year Plan period should shift from focusing on domestic security,quantity growth,production and storage of grain,and low chemical input production to global inspections,food nutrition and safety,the entire industry chain,and depending on technology.Food security strategic guarantee system and specific objectives can be constructed from the five aspects of production,consumption,storage,circulation and risk prevention.And then put forward corresponding safeguard measures from innovating food production and operation methods,cultivating and expanding the main body of the food industry,and actively playing the supporting role of technological innovation,continuing to deepen the reform of the food system and mechanism,and participating in global food governance.