社会学视角下新冠疫情心理咨询的语言使用个案分析

A Sociological Case Analysis of Language Practice in Hotline Counseling during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020年新冠肺炎暴发,给个人、家庭和社会带来巨大冲击:对疫情的恐慌和焦虑、被隔离后的焦躁和不安、丧亲的悲伤和愤怒、疫情后出现的创伤后应激障碍等等。如何提供有效的疫情应急服务,成为社会和学界关心的议题。语言在应急服务上起着其他手段不可替代的作用。本次疫情中开通了4000条危机服务电话热线,给处于疫情中的人们带来抚慰,也给语言在应急干预服务中的应用研究以及语言与其他学科的融合研究带来机遇。本文选取一个应急服务热线案例,从语言学和社会学的角度进行详细分析,探讨应急服务提供者如何采用有效的语言运用原则和特定的语言表达手段来帮助受到疫情影响的个人解决问题,同时运用布迪厄的“场域-惯习”理论阐释了服务提供者语言运用策略背后的社会因素。

The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has brought about profound impacts on individuals,families and the whole society.The public experienced many different types of psychological distress in the pandemic,such as coronavirus panic and anxiety,mental toll in quarantine,pains and depression of the patients and medical workers,grieves of the loss of beloved ones and so forth.In such a context,how to provide effective professional counseling service to people in need has become a research field for scholars in various disciplines.Language is,among others,believed to be able to play an irreplaceable role in the provision of emergency services.At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic,there were over 4000 crisis hotlines serving the public in need.The hotline service provides an important resource for the inquiry of practice and implications of language emergency interventions.Based on a case of the hotline counselling,this paper explores strategies of language use and specific communication skills that the hotline service provider used in helping a client to solve problems.The author adopts Bourdieu’s field-habitus framework to explain the social factors affecting how service providers used these strategies.