五四运动以来我国儿童观的历史演进与反思

The View of Children Since the May Fourth Movement:Historical Evolution and Reflections

儿童观是人们对儿童本身及其价值的总态度。儿童观的形成不仅受特定社会背景影响,而且受西方儿童文化与观念的影响。在五四运动至21世纪以来的100年历史长河中,我国儿童观演进经历了五个阶段:五四运动前,儿童是“工具”,是个人财产,体现的是“家庭本位”儿童观;五四运动至新中国成立,西方文化思想为我国儿童观带来了新思潮,迎来了“儿童本位”儿童观;新中国成立至改革开放,儿童成为发展社会主义事业的重要力量,“社会本位”儿童观出现;改革开放至20世纪末,学前教育事业迎来了新的春天,儿童再次被“发现”,“儿童本位”儿童观得以重生;进入21世纪至今,时代进步促使我们不断追寻“儿童本位”儿童观的现代化内涵。

The view of children is the general attitude towards children and their value.The formation of the view of children is shaped by its specific social context and influenced by the advanced Western culture and view of children.During the 100-year development since the May Fourth Movement,the evolution of the view of children in China has undergone the pendulum of development and finally towards stable,including five stages:first,before the May Fourth Movement,children were viewed as“tools”and personal property,reflecting the“family-oriented”view of children in that period.Second,from the May Fourth Movement to the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the advanced Western thoughts had brought the“child-oriented”view of children to China.Third,from the founding of People’s Republic of China to the Reform and Opening Up,children had been viewed as an important promoting force of socialism.Fourth,since the Reform and Opening Up to the end of the 20th century,preschool education had ushered in a new spring,with the“re-discovery”of children and the reborn of“child-oriented”view.Fifth,since the beginning of the 21st century,the social progress has promoted the development of the modern connotation of“child-oriented”view.