超越官僚制,跳出“周期率”——新时代公共事物治理之道的新探索

Transcending Bureaucracy and Getting out of the “Periodic Law” ——An Exploration of the Governance of Public Affairs in the New Era

中国具有5000多年的文明史、2000多年的封建史,在治国理政方面前人给后世留下许多不朽思想智慧,大一统的官僚制度体系便是其中之一,它成就了中国60多个封建王朝的兴盛和发展,也因其自身的缺陷和不足,使历代王朝终未逃脱覆灭的宿命,这便被后世学者称为中国"历史周期率"。中国共产党从建党初期到中华人民共和国成立,再到今天中国特色社会主义进入新时代,从没停止过对跳出"历史周期率"的努力与探索,其成功经验和智慧最终体现为中国特色社会主义制度。如果说中国历史遇到的最大问题是"历史周期率"问题,那么在西方500年发展史中,遇到的最大问题则是"经济周期律"问题。新时代实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,要发挥党的全面领导的优势和中国特色社会主义制度优势,只有从"公共事物动机"入手,才能克服中国传统社会"官僚制"假设和西方社会"经济人"假设的片面性,实现治理水平的提升和领导力的提高。

With 5,000 years of civilization and more than 2,000 years feudal history, China has accumulated much ideological wisdom in governance of the country. Among others, the unified bureaucratic system has contributed to the prosperity and development of more than 60 feudal dynasties in China. However, due to its inherent deficiencies, none of the dynasties have escaped the fate of destruction, the so-called "historical periodic law" of China named by later scholars. Ever since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and till the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Communist Party of China has never stopped its efforts and exploration of jumping out of the "historical periodic law." If such is the biggest problem encountered in Chinese history, then the biggest problem encountered in the 500-year history of development in the West is the "economic periodic law". To realize the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity in the new era, to give full play to the party’s overall leadership and institutional advantages, the "motivation of public affairs" must be examined in order to overcome the one-sidedness of assumptions of "bureaucracy" in traditional Chinese society and "economic people" in Western society, so that the level of governance and leadership can be improved.