政治人的生活政治:儒生阶层与帝制中国的国家治理

The Life Politics of Political Nature Human: The Confucian Class and the State Governance of the Imperial China

作为国家治理主体的政治人,通过生活政治化和政治生活化的双向互动实践,在日常生活中形塑着国家治理形态,即"生活政治"。儒家伦理通过提供统一的道德信仰和国家学说建构了帝制中国的意识形态认同,由儒生、士大夫和乡绅构成的政治人集团则充任帝制中国国家治理的主体。儒生按照儒家伦理的指引,将政治价值糅合进个人修养、家庭生活与社会交往,在生活政治之中习得政治技能,参与并主导国家治理,由此形成的帝制国家治理秩序在维持传统社会超稳定存续的同时,也造成了社会发展的长期停滞,从而为现代中国的国家治理提供了历史镜鉴。

As the main body of state governance,political nature human shapes the form of state governance in daily life through the two-way interactive practice of life politicization and politics into life, namely "life politics." The Confucian ethics constructs the ideological identity of imperial China by providing a consistent moral belief and national doctrine, while the political nature human group that consists of the Confucian scholars, scholar-officials and country gentlemen becomes the main body of state governance in China. In accordance with the guidance of Confucian ethics, the Confucian scholars combine political values into personal cultivation, family life and social interactions, acquire political skills in life politics, participate in and lead state governance. The resulting imperial state governance order has brought about the long-term stagnation of social development while maintaining the ultra-stable continuation of traditional society, therefore providing a historical mirror for modern China’s state governance.