社会转型中的两宋女子阅读生活样态及检视

Women’s Reading Life Style and Inspection in the Social Transformation of the Song Dynasty

在古代,女子并非总是扮演着"被奴役""主内"的角色。处于轴心后时代的两宋时期,文明理性的社会转型给女子的教育尤其是给她们的阅读生活带来了难得的发展机遇和空间,呈现出积极、向上、自觉、自主之态势。从国家、社会、家庭、个人等多个维度来看两宋女子的阅读生活可知,举国"文治"及社会、家庭的支持,使得大批女子有机会走进阅读世界;人们对生命的自觉与感悟,也促使越来越多的两宋女子能够自主地去阅读书籍,阅读范围不断拓展,涉及经史子集百科乃至时人所著之书,且凸显出阅读终生化倾向。广泛而深入的阅读,成就了两宋女子的精彩人生,无论是修身养性,还是相夫教子、诗词书画创作、科举应试等都尽显巾帼风采,不仅在中国女子教育史上书写出辉煌篇章,而且在当时世界舞台上也独领风骚。

Ancient women didn’t always play the role of "being enslaved" and "being the master at home". In the post axial era of the Song Dynasty, the social transformation of civilization and rationality brought rare opportunities and space for women’s education, especially their reading life, showing a positive, upward, conscious and independent trend. Through the micro analysis and in-depth description of women’s reading life in the Song Dynasty from the country, society to family, individual and other dimensions, it can be seen that the whole country’s "rule of culture" and the support of society and family give a large number of women a chance to enter the reading world. The consciousness and perception of life also promote more and more women in the Song Dynasty to read books independently. Their reading range is constantly expanding, involving Encyclopedia of classics and history, even books written by people of the time, and highlighting the tendency of lifelong reading. Extensive and in-depth reading has made a large number of women’s wonderful lives in the Song Dynasty. In terms of self-cultivation, husband and son education, poetry, calligraphy and painting creation, imperial examination and other aspects, women in the two Song dynasties all showed heroine style, not only writing a brilliant chapter in the history of Chinese women’s education, but also leading the world stage at that time.