COVID-19疫情期间居家限制对学龄前超重/肥胖儿童生活方式的影响

Effect of the home quarantine on the lifestyle of preschool overweight/obese children during the pandemic of COVID-19.

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)流行期间学龄前超重/肥胖儿童的睡眠、身体活动及屏幕暴露时间变化,为疫情防控期间本地区超重/肥胖儿童预防和临床干预提供科学依据.方法对广州市7家幼儿园3~7岁学龄前儿童共1449人展开调查,根据体质指数(BMI)分为超重/肥胖组和正常对照组,调查内容包括上学日及疫情期间睡眠状况、运动状况及静坐、视屏时间变化.结果广州市学龄前儿童超重、肥胖总检出率分别为11.1%和9.1%,其中男生超重和肥胖的检出率均高于女生;疫情期间,广州市学龄前超重/肥胖儿童就寝时间较上学日平均每天晚了38 min,较正常对照组平均每天晚了20 min,夜间睡眠持续时间较上学日每天平均增加了0.69 h,较正常对照组每天平均少了0.38 h;与正常对照组比较,超重/肥胖组疫情期间就寝时间较上学日延迟的幅度更大,夜间睡眠持续时间较上学日增加的幅度相对偏小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).疫情期间,超重/肥胖组儿童每天运动时间较上学日平均减少了0.64 h,较正常对照组平均减少了0.35 h,每周运动时间较上学日平均减少了1.79 d,较正常对照组平均减少了1.29 d,与正常对照组比较,超重/肥胖组疫情期间每天运动时间较上学日减少的幅度更大,每周运动时间较上学日减少的幅度无明显差异.与正常对照组比较,超重/肥胖组儿童疫情期间的视屏时间更长,且视屏时间较上学日增加的幅度也是更大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论居家隔离期间学龄前儿童普遍存在就寝时间延迟、补偿式夜间睡眠持续时间延长、运动时间和运动频率的减少、久坐和视屏行为的增加等情况,其中超重/肥胖儿童各指标变化幅度更大,问题也更为严峻,给本地区超重/肥胖防控工作带来巨大挑战.

Objective To understand the effect of the home quarantine on the lifestyle of preschool overweight/obese children during the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and to provide scientific basis of pre-vention and clinical intervention for obesity in children.Methods A total of 1449 preschool children aged between 3 and 7 years were selected as participants from 7 kindergartens in Guangzhou.The investigation included the changes of sleep status,exercise status,sitting time and screen time during school day and the pandemic of the COVID-19.Results Overweight and obesity rates of preschool children in Guangzhou were 11.1%and 9.1%,respectively.The prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys was higher than that in girls.During the pandemic period of COVID-19,the bedtime of overweight/obese preschool children in Guangzhou was later than that of the school day by 38 minutes;and later than that of the normal control group by 20 minutes.The duration of sleep of overweight/obese paritcipants at night was longer than that of the school day by 0.69 hours,and less than that of the normal control group by 0.38 hours.Compared with the normal control group,the overweight/obesity group had a larger delay in bedtime than that of school day during the pan-demic period,and a smaller increase in the duration of sleep at night than that of school day.During the pandemic period,the daily exercise time of children in the overweight/obesity group was less than that in the school day by 0.64 hours,and less than that in the normal control group by 0.35 hours;the exercise days per week of children in the overweight/obesity group was less than that in the school day by 1.79 days,and less than that in the normal control group by 1.29 days.Compared with the normal control group,the daily exercise time of children in the overweight/obesity group during the pandemic period decreased more than that of school days.Compared with the normal control group,the overweight/obesity group had longer screen time during the pandemic period,and the increase of screen time than that of school days was sig-nificantly greater than that in controls.Conclusion Preschool children with home quarantine generally suffer from the de-lay of bedtime,the extension of compensatory sleep duration at night,the decrease of exercise time and frequency,the in-crease of sitting time and screen time.Among them,the indicators of overweight/obesity group are significantly more prominent,which brings great challenges to the prevention and control of overweight/obesity in this region.