牛结核病诊断技术研究进展

Research Progress on Diagnosis Technologies of Bovine Tuberculosis

在世界动物卫生组织的疫病名录中,牛结核病被列为B类动物疫病,我国将其列为二类动物疫病。牛结核病的流行对养殖业及民众健康都会造成严重的危害。随着卡介苗在兽医临床上的广泛应用,使得结核病的疫情得到了明显的控制。但是,在近些年的经济社会发展中,因抗生素的大量使用和滥用导致大多数结核杆菌都出现了耐药株,以及牲畜集约化生产、市场流通交易环节监管不到位等多方面的影响,使得牛结核病疫情又出现了反弹。随着牛结核病新型诊断方法和技术的不断发展,使该病检测的敏感性和特异性得到提高。从现有的数据统计可知,因口蹄疫、禽流感、新城疫、布鲁氏杆菌病、牛结核病而造成的经济损失已难以估摸。本文主要针对牛结核病流行现状及当前常用的细菌学检测、牛型结核菌素试验(TST)、γ-干扰素释放试验(IGRA)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELAISE)、聚合酶链反应(PCR)、抗体胶体金检测方法等牛结核病诊断技术的研究进展进行综述,以期为牛结核病诊断工作和兽医同行提供参考。

Bovine tuberculosis is classified as Class B animal disease in the list of animal diseases of the World Organisation for Animal Health,and as class II animal disease in China.It can cause serious harm to the cattle industry and public health.With the widespread application of BCG vaccine in veterinary clinical practice,the epidemic situation of tuberculosis had been obviously controlled.[Problem]However,with the economic and social development in recent years,drug-resistant strains of most tuberculosis bacilli have appeared due to the extensive use and abuse of antibiotics,additionally,the impacts of intensive livestock production,inadequate supervision over market circulation and trading links,etc.,led to the rebound of the epidemic.With the development of new diagnostic methods and techniques for bovine tuberculosis,the sensitivity and specificity of detection of the disease have been improved.According to the existing statistics,the economic losses caused by foot-and-mouth disease,avian influenza,Newcastle disease,brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis are hard to estimate.In this article,the epidemic situation of bovine tuberculosis and research progress on the current commonly used detection technologies were summarized,including bacteriology detection,bovine tuberculin skin test(TST),gamma interferon release test(IGRA),enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELAISE),polymerase chain reaction(PCR)as well as antibody colloidal gold test methods,hoping to provide some reference for tuberculosis diagnosis by veterinarians.