中国跨境知识溢出的地理格局及影响因素

Geographical Patterns and Determinants of Transnational Knowledge Spillovers in China

经济全球化背景下,知识作为创新的源泉,其空间分布及流动深刻地影响着国家及区域的经济发展水平。现有跨境知识溢出研究主要关注发达国家,对于新兴经济体的关注较少。文章基于2003—2012年中国在全球专利统计数据库(PATSTAT)中的专利被引数据,采用Tobit模型分析中国对外跨境知识溢出的空间分布及影响因素。研究发现中国跨境知识主要流入全球创新体系的核心国家,而非边缘国家。中国跨境知识溢出主要受地理距离、知识通道通达性的影响,东道国与中国的地理距离越近、知识通道通达性越好,中国跨境知识溢出的强度越大。东道国技术吸收能力及东道国在全球创新体系中的层级对中国跨境知识溢出无显著影响。

Under the background of economic globalization,knowledge's spatial distribution and flow profoundly affect the level of economic development of the country and the region.Existing cross-border knowledge spillovers research focuses on knowledge spillovers in developed countries and less attention to knowledge spillovers in emerging economies.Based on the patent citation data of China in the Global Patent Statistics Database(PATSTAT)from 2003 to 2012,this paper uses the Tobit model to analyze the spatial distribution and influencing factors of cross-border knowledge spillovers in China.The study found that China's cross-border knowledge mainly flows into the core countries of the global innovation system,not the periphery countries.China's cross-border knowledge spillover is mainly affected by geographical distance and accessibility of knowledge channels.The closer the geographical distance between the host country and China and better the accessibility of knowledge channels,the greater the intensity of cross-border knowledge spillovers in China.The technology absorption capacity of the host country and the level of the host country in the global innovation system have no significant impact on China's cross-border knowledge spillovers.