气候变化小说的前世今生--兼谈人类世气候批评

A Brief History of Cli-Fi and a Tentative Construction of the Anthropocene Cli-Fi Criticism

21世纪以来,全球气候灾难事件频繁发生。在此背景下,西方气候变化小说迅猛发展,并成为一种独立的文学体裁,气候小说类型研究和批评也随之勃兴。脱胎于科幻文学的气候小说,因呈现气候灾难的时间和方式的不同,可分为洪水叙事、极寒叙事和全球变暖叙事三类,反映了不同历史阶段人们对地球和气候的不同认知和想象。新世纪的人类世气候小说紧扣全球变暖和气候变化议题,具有鲜明的时代性和“近未来”现实主义特征,这一新的文学类型也在改变着文学研究的范式。气候变化是一种典型的慢性暴力,也是一种隐性暴力。气候暴力距离的三维,即时空距离、认知距离和权力距离,注定了应对气候变化是个极为复杂的过程。基于人类世气候变化的时空特征,认清气候暴力的本质,追溯其根源,倡导从根本上解决问题,建构时空命运共同体,是气候批评的终极追求。

The 21st century has witnessed the frequent climate disasters on the earth,and correspondingly Western Cli-Fi has developed so fast that it has become a new literary genre,thereby ushering in the popularity of Cli-Fi studies and criticism.Disclosing the origin of Western climate writing,clarifying the timeline of Cli-Fi and exploring a new critical discourse have become a necessity and must to initiate the Cli-Fi study.This paper aims to track the origin of climate writing,review the birth,growth and extension of climate change stories,and illustrate the appearance and rise of contemporary Anthropocene Cli-Fi by focusing upon the stories about flood,extreme coldness and global warming in consideration of the human civilization progression and specific historical context.It is argued that different forms of climate change writing reflect people’s different cognition and imagination of the earth and climate in different phases.With a close look into global warming and the issue of climate change,the Anthropocene Cli-Fi in the new century is characterized with distinct features of the Anthropocene epoch and“near-future”realism.This paper attempts to construct the Anthropocene climate criticism and explain concepts such as“climate violence”,“climate violence distance”and more importantly,build the framework of three-dimensional climate violence distance in the hope of offering discourse support for Cli-Fi studies and criticism while emphasizing the dynamic role of climate change.