“诗书礼乐”与“强国之术”——在早期秦文化进程中透视《秦风·蒹葭》

The Political Dilemma:Analysis of Jianjia in the Context of the Early Qin Culture

秦穆公自诩之“中国以诗书礼乐法度为政”表征了其在位中后期秦国于制度文化建设方面的重大成就,秦国因此可以跟东方传统礼乐国家平等对待。穆公之后,秦国疾速衰落,东方诸侯再一次像秦始国之时那样,视秦为夷翟。经历长期衰弱不振,秦人终于放弃“诗书礼乐”,重新专心追逐“强国之术”。《蒹葭》是上述政治和文化战略转折关头的作品,代表了秦人面临“诗书礼乐”和“强国之术”重大抉择时的迷茫、忧伤和思索。

Qin Mugong's boasting that“Central Country's politics is governed by the rules of Book of Songs,Shangshu,Rituals and Music shows the great achievements of Qin State in the construction of institutional culture in the middle and late periods of his reign.Therefore,the State of Qin can be equally treated like the eastern traditional states.After the death of Qin Mugong,Qin declined rapidly.Once again,the eastern states regarded Qin as a barbarian state,just as when it was first founded.After a long period of weakness,the Qin people finally gave up the statecraft in“Book of Songs,Shangshu,Rituals and Music”and refocused on“the technique of strengthening the country”.“Jianjia”,a poem in the Book of Songs,represents the confusion,sadness and thinking of Qin people at this turning point when they were faced with the major choice between the“Book of Songs,Shangshu,Rituals and Music”and“the technique of strengthening the country”.