铁路的民营与国有——20世纪20年代之前中国与德国的比较

On Private and State-owned Railways:Comparison between China and Germany before the 1920s

20世纪20年代之前,中德两国尽管在铁路建设的起步方面有先后、快慢的差异,但是两国在各自铁路建设的发展过程中都有民营和国有的经营模式,而且都最终实现了铁路的国有化。两国在从铁路民营到铁路国有的收购方式和国有化的原因上、在民营铁路的作用和影响上以及国有铁路的资金筹措和人员待遇上都存在不同。

Before the 1920s,although China and Germany had different starts in railway construction,both countries had private and state-owned operation modes in the development process of railway construction,and both countries finally nationalized the railways.The two countries have different ways of acquisition from private railway to state-owned railway,reasons for nationalization,roles and influences of private railway,financing and personnel treatment of state-owned railway.