2008—2018年黑龙江省大气自净能力变化特征分析

Change characteristics of atmospheric self-purification capability in Heilongjiang province from 2008 to 2018

利用2008—2018年黑龙江省33个观测站的定时观测气象资料,按照国标《大气自净能力等级》(GB/T34299—2017),分析了黑龙江省大气自净能力时间、空间的变化特征,并以省会城市哈尔滨为例,结合逐日空气质量指数(AQI)数据,分析了大气自净能力与AQI的关系。结果表明:2008—2018年黑龙江省平均大气自净能力指数为12.6×10^4 km·a^-1,整体呈上升趋势,2015年以来大气自净能力明显增强。春季大气自净能力最高,秋季次之,冬季最低;空间分布大致呈北低南高分布,包含二、三级两个级别,春季全省各地均处于第二级别,有利于对大气污染物的清除,冬季漠河处于第五级别,不利于对大气污染物的清除;哈尔滨市冬季AQI与大气自净力指数呈显著负相关,考虑了通风量和雨洗作用的大气自净能力与AQI关系密切,直接影响着空气质量状况。

Based on the real-time observation data from the 33 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang province from 2008 to 2018,and the national standard i.e.“Grades of Atmospheric Self-purification Capability”,the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of atmospheric self-purification capability(ASPC)were analyzed and the relationship between ASPC and air quality index(AQI)in Harbin was investigated.The results show that the average ASPC index is 12.6×10^4 km·a^-1 from 2008 to 2018 with an increasing trend in Heilongjiang province.Since 2015,the ASPC has increased significantly.The ASPC is highest in spring,fewer in autumn,and lowest in winter.In terms of spatial distribution,the ASPC is low in the north and high in the south and includes two levels i.e.the second level and the third level.Specifically,the ASPC in the whole province is in the second level in spring,which is favorable to the removal of atmospheric pollutants,while that in Mehe is in the fifth grade in winter,which is unfavorable to the removal of pollutants.There is a significant negative correlation between AQI and ASPC index in winter in Harbin.Considering the ventilation and rain washing effect,the ASPC has a close relationship with the AQI and directly affects the air quality in Harbin.