电纺纳米纤维应用于锂硫电池的研究进展

Research Progress on Electrospun Nanofiber Materials for Lithium-Sulfur Battery

随着科技的发展,人们对储能设备提出了更高的要求,传统的锂离子电池已经接近其容量峰值,难以满足当今社会对其能量密度的要求。锂硫电池具有超高的理论能量密度(2600 Wh·kg^-1),有望取代锂离子电池成为下一代高能量密度储能设备。然而,锂硫电池中存在的关键问题,如中间产物多硫化锂的穿梭效应、含硫物种缓慢的反应动力学和硫正极在充放电过程中较大的体积变化等,严重制约了锂硫电池的发展。电纺纳米纤维因其独特的纳米结构,展现出了一些独有的性能,有望在高硫负载量和低电解液等极端条件下解决这些问题。着重评述了电纺纳米纤维在锂硫电池正极、隔膜和夹层这3个方面的材料设计结构以及研究进展,分析了材料性能、结构对锂硫电池性能的影响,指出了电纺纳米纤维面向锂硫电池各部分的研究进展和发展方向。

With the development of technology,higher demands are placed on the performance of energy storage devices.The traditional lithium ion batteries have approached its peak capacity,which are unable to meet the ever-increasing demands for its energy density.Lithium-sulfur batteries are endowed with an excellent theoretical energy density(2600 Wh·kg^-1),which is promising to replace the traditional lithium ion batteries as the next generation energy storage devices with high energy density.However,the severe shuttle effect of the polysulfides,sluggish kinetics of sulfur speices redox reactions and the enormous volume change(~80%)of sulfur cathode over the charge-discharge cycles are main factors restricting the development of lithium-sulfur batteries.Due to the superior nanostructure,electrospun nanofiber materials commonly show some unique characteristics which can simultaneously resolve these problems even at the harsh conditions of high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte.This review introduces recent progress and structure design on electrospun nanofiber for the cathode,separator,and interlayer aspects in lithium-sulfur batteries.The impact of the material properties and structure on lithium-sulfur batteries performance are analyzed.The research and development directions of electrospun nanofibers for various parts of lithium-sulfur batteries are proposed.