唐宋元时期艺术风格类型理论形态

Theoretical Forms of the Artistic Style Types in the Tang Song and Yuan Dynasties

唐宋元是中国古代文学艺术高度发展的三个重要时期,诗、词、曲创造了时代辉煌,书、画、乐亦取得杰出成就,理论批评领域相关“风格”及其类型划分理论相当丰硕,形态各异。诗论风格类型趋于多元,文论风格类型注重法度,书论风格类型以二维视角展开,画论风格类型由表及里,乐论风格类型基于实践,曲论风格类型突出主体,充分展现出理论家对待风格类型划分的审美认知与理论视角。其中有很多风格类型理论在门类艺术批评领域具有“首创”意义,为后世艺术创作与理论批评提供了丰富的史料资源与理论方法。然而目前相关研究仅从单一门类艺术角度关注影响力突出的风格类型理论,而忽视其他零星分散的只言片语,很难进行对古代艺术发展高峰时期风格类型理论较为全面系统的认知与理解,为此,从广义“艺术”层面出发,系统梳理相关风格类型言论体例,对探究唐宋元时期艺术风格类型理论形态大有裨益。

Tang Song and Yuan are three significant dynasties of the fast development of Chinese ancient literature and arts when glorious achievements were seen in terms of poem,lyrics,song,painting,calligraphy and music. Fruitful studies were seen in the field of theoretical critique of "style"categories. The style of poetry was diversified,literary style was standardized,the style of calligraphy was developed in a two-dimensional perspective,the style of painting was from outside in,the style of music was based on practice,creative subject was emphasized in the style of traditional opera. All these show the aesthetic understanding and theoretical perspective of theorists towards styles categories. There were many theories on style categories with "originality"significance in the field of criticism on literature and arts,which provide rich historical resources and theoretical methods for artistic creation and theoretical criticism in later times. However,current research is emphasized on influential theories of style categories from a single artistic perspective while others are neglected. This makes it difficult to understand the whole situation of the theories of style categories during the peak period of ancient artistic development. Therefore,a systematic study of the discourse of relevant styles categories in the aspect of general"arts"is beneficial to the investigation of theoretical forms of artistic styles categories during the Tang Song and Yuan Dynasties.