不同发育期云南‘三台’核桃营养品质研究

Nutritional quality of Yunnan Santai walnut with different development stages

以不同发育期(授粉30、60、90、120 d)‘三台’核桃仁为试材,通过对其油脂、油脂中脂肪酸、蛋白质、氨基酸及功能成分角鲨烯、维生素、磷脂等营养指标的研究,探讨‘三台’核桃发育期主要营养成分变化及其相关性,旨在为‘三台’核桃分子育种提供科学依据。结果表明:‘三台’核桃含油率在整个生长期逐渐升高,特别是在前3个发育期,油脂急剧积累,含量显著增高,而从第3到第4发育期,油脂积累趋于平稳;核桃油中多不饱和脂肪酸含量在第2发育期最高,达到75.60%;核桃中蛋白质含量在第2发育期最高,为17.8%;核桃中总氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量均在第2发育期最高;水溶性维生素C与维生素B3含量均在第4发育期最高,而脂溶性维生素E含量则在第2发育期最高;磷脂含量在第3发育期最高。

Santai walnut kernel with different development stages(pollination 30, 60, 90, 120 d) was used as the test material, and the nutritional indexes of oil, fatty acid, protein, amino acid and functional components, such as squalene, vitamin and phospholipid were determined to study the main nutritional indexes changes and their correlation during the development stages of Santai walnut, so as to provide scientific basis for molecular breeding of Santai walnut. The results showed that the oil content of Santai walnut increased gradually in the whole growth period, especially in the first three development stages, the oil accumulated rapidly and the oil content increased significantly, but in the third to the fourth development stage, the oil accumulation was stable. The polyunsaturated fatty acid in walnut oil was the highest in the second development stage, which reached 75.60%. The protein content in walnut was the highest in the second development stage, which was 17.8%. The contents of total amino acid and essential amino acid in walnut were the highest in the second development stage. Both the water-soluble vitamin C and vitamin B3 were the highest in the fourth development stage, while the content of lipid soluble vitamin E was the highest in the second development stage. The content of phospholipid was the highest in the third development stage.