日语借词进入汉语的时间溯源——以《申报》和其他5种清末报刊为例

The Origin of Japanese Loanwords Entering Chinese:Take Shenbao and the Five Newspapers in the Late Qing Dynasty as Examples

在《时务报》等清末5报出现之前,最重要的中文报纸当属1872年(即日本明治5年)创刊的《申报》。具有检索功能的《申报》电子版的出现,为研究该报中的日语借词提供了便利条件。本文的目的在于,通过比较清末5报和《申报》中的日语借词,探明日语借词进入汉语的起始点和高峰期。结果显示,在清末5报之前至少已有132个二字日语借词、239个三字日语借词和71个四字日语借词在《申报》中出现,这表明自《申报》创刊之初便陆续有日语借词进入汉语。

Before the issuance in the five newspapers of the late Qing Dynasty,including Shiwubao,the most important Chinese newspaper was Shenbao,which started its publication in 1872,i.e.,the fifth year of Meiji in Japan.The issuance of the electronic version of Shenbao with retrieval function provides a convenient condition for studying Japanese loanwords in these newspapers.The purpose of this paper is to unveil when the start and peak of the inclusion of Japanese loanwords into Chinese vocabulary took place by comparing Japanese loanwords in the five newspapers of the late Qing Dynasty and in Shenbao.The result shows that at least 132 two-character Japanese loanwords,239 three-character Japanese loanwords and 71 four-character Japanese loanwords appeared in Shenbao before the five newspapers of the late Qing Dynasty,which indicates that Japanese loanwords have been in use in Chinese since the beginning of Shenbao.