林果业小型果类采摘器机具设计与试验研究

Design and Experimental Study of Small Fruit Harvester in Forest and Fruit Industry

目前,我国坚果收取方式多数为手工收取,机械化程度较低,效率不高。针对这一问题,首先分析了国内外坚果收取研究现状,研究了农林业中辊式机械的应用特点,并以夏威夷果为例,设计了一种橡胶套金属辊回转式坚果收取装置。设计完成后搭建了机械收取样机,并在室内进行了夏威夷果收取试验,以验证收取效果。结果表明:当上、下两组橡胶套金属辊的组间距为30mm、转速为28r/min时,直径在30mm以上的夏威夷果均能较快地被收取下来,且未发现果树花蕾受到明显损伤。所设计的样机具有较高的收取效率,能在收取过程中有效保护果树花蕾,适用于"花果同期"类的坚果收取工作。

At present,most of the nut collection in China’s nut industry is manual collection,which is low in mechanization and inefficient.To solve this problem,this study first analyzed the research status of nut collection at home and abroad,and studied the application characteristics of roll machinery in agriculture and forestry.Taking Hawaiian fruit as an example,a rubber sleeve metal roll rotary nut collection device was designed.After the design was completed,mechanical sampling was built and Hawaiian fruit collection test was carried out indoors to verify the collection effect.The results showed that the Hawaiian fruit with diameter over 30 mm could be collected quickly when the distance between the upper and lower groups of metal rollers was 30 mm and the speed was 28 revolutions per minute,and no obvious damage to the flower buds of fruit trees was found in the experiment.Experiments show that the prototype designed in this study has high collection efficiency,and can effectively protect the flower buds of fruit trees in the collection process.It is suitable for the collection of nuts of"flower and fruit synchronization"type.