基于PLC的水稻机械播种量控制系统设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Rice Machinery Seeding Control System Based on PLC

近年来,农业劳动人口流失严重,导致传统的水稻种植模式出现了劳动力短缺的问题。水稻机械直播具有更高的生产效率,可降低人工成本,并获得更高的产量。目前,水稻直播机械的种类齐全,但普遍存在不能检测漏播和准确调节播种量的问题。为此,以PLC为核心设计了一个播种量的控制系统,根据行驶速率和种子落下的信号计算实际播种量,与设定值比较后生成控制指令调节排种轮上孔眼的尺寸,同时对种箱排空或导种管堵塞状况发出报警。田间试验表明:PLC比人工的控制精度更高,且控制系统对所有故障都能及时准确地报警,有利于实现水稻的机械化精量播种,最终获得高产。

The traditional rice planting is mainly based on sowing and seedling transplanting,and the transplanting process takes a lot of manpower.In recent years,the loss of agricultural labor population has been severe,leading to a shortage of labor in the traditional rice cultivation model.Rice mechanical live broadcast has higher production efficiency,saves labor costs,and achieves higher yields.At present,the variety of rice live broadcast machinery is complete,but there is a widespread problem that it is impossible to detect the missed broadcast and accurately adjust the seeding amount.In this paper,a seeding quantity control system is designed with PLC as the core.The actual seeding amount is calculated according to the mechanical driving speed and the seed falling signal.After comparing with the set value,a control command is generated to adjust the size of the hole on the seeding wheel,and at the same time,the seed box An alarm is issued for emptying or clogging of the pilot tube.In field trials,PLCs showed higher control accuracy than manual controls.The control system can promptly and accurately alarm all faults,which is conducive to the mechanized precision sowing of rice,and finally achieve high yield.