油菜机械化生产影响因素及收获方式研究

Study on the Important Factors Affecting the Mechanized Production of Rape and its Harvesting Methods

油菜是我国种植面积最大的油料作物,国内对菜籽油的需求量巨大,因此保证油菜高产稳产对我国的食用油供应具有重要意义。目前,制约我国油菜机械化水平的瓶颈主要在直播、移栽和收获环节上,生产机械只有与其它的因素相适应,才能充分发挥自身的优势。为此,选择合适的农业机械进行了油菜的免耕直播及分段和联合收获试验,结果表明:黄棕壤田块中的乌鲁木齐黄油菜出苗数最多,且产量最高,取得了较好的免耕直播效果;联合收获相比分段收获的含油率较低,损失率较高,但消耗的人工和燃料少,在不同的品种和土壤因素下都能取得更高的种植效益。本研究筛选出了适合油菜机械化生产的两种因素和收获方式组合,可以为技术路线的优化提供依据。

Rapeseed is the largest oil crop in China.The domestic demand for rapeseed oil is also huge.Therefore,ensuring the high yield and stable yield of rapeseed is of great significance to the supply of edible oil in China.Mechanization can provide technical support for the sustainable development of agricultural production,especially in the labor-intensive industry of rapeseed production.At present,the bottleneck restricting the mechanization level of rapeseed in China is mainly in the live broadcast,transplanting and harvesting.The production machinery can only give full play to its advantages if it is compatible with other factors.In this paper,the suitable agricultural machinery was selected for the no-tillage live broadcast of rapeseed and the segmentation and combined harvesting experiments.The results showed that the Urumqi butter vegetable in the yellow brown soil field had the highest number of seedlings and the highest yield,and a better no-till live effect was obtained.Compared with the harvest,the combined harvest has lower oil content and higher loss rate,but consumes less labor and fuel,and can achieve higher planting benefits under different varieties and soil factors.This study screened two factors and combinations of harvesting methods suitable for mechanized production of rapeseed,which could provide a basis for optimization of technical routes.