要素市场扭曲对农业化肥投入效率的影响——基于省级面板数据的实证研究

Effect of Factor Market Distortion on Input Efficiency of Agricultural Fertilizer in China:Empirical Research Based on Provincial Panel Data

大量施用化肥提高了中国农业产出,但长期存在的化肥投入低效问题也加剧了农业污染,对农业可持续发展构成了严重威胁。利用1998-2017年省际面板数据,文章对化肥要素市场扭曲程度进行了测度,并分析其对中国农业化肥投入效率的影响效应。研究表明,化肥要素市场扭曲程度在时间上总体呈上升趋势,且空间上存在差异性,与中部地区相比,东部和西部地区扭曲程度相对更高;中国农业化肥投入效率也呈现逐年上升态势,在空间上呈现东部高、西部次之、中部低的分布格局,且这一格局与化肥投入强度之间不存在必然性;尽管化肥要素市场扭曲程度对中国农业化肥投入效率存在负向显著影响,但其造成的化肥投入损失并不高,在相对值仅占化肥无效率投入总量的2.4%。因此,解决中国农业化肥投入效率低下问题不能仅靠化肥要素市场化改革的作用,而应寻求其他更有效的途径。

Although the application of agricultural chemical fertilizer has increased China’s agricultural output but also has brought serious agricultural pollution and threated the sustainable development of China’s agriculture. Based on the inter-provincial panel data from 1998 to 2017, this paper examines the effect of market distortion of fertilizer factors on fertilizer input efficiency in China.The results show that(1) the degree of distortion of the fertilizer factor market is on the rise and heterogeneity in space is obvious;compared with the central region, the distortion degree is relatively higher in the eastern and western regions;(2) the fertilizer input efficiency shows an increasing trend annually and displays a pattern of being highest in the east, followed by the west and lowest in the middle, but no direct relationship between this pattern and the intensity of fertilizer input.(3) though the fertilizer market distortion has a significant negative impact on fertilizer input efficiency, the loss of fertilizer input caused by it is not high, which only accounts for 2.4% of the total input of fertilizer inefficiency in relative value. Therefore, to solve the problem of low efficiency of agricultural fertilizer input in China, we should not only rely on the role of market-oriented reform of chemical fertilizer elements, but also seek other effective ways.