甘肃省农业生态系统可持续性评价

Sustainability Evaluation of Agricultural Ecosystem in Gansu Province

农业生态系统是人类和环境相互作用而形成的自然、社会、经济复合生态系统,其可持续性对农业资源的合理利用、社会和经济的进步以及农业的良性发展有着重要作用。文章基于农业资源禀赋、经济效益、社会效益、生态效益四个维度,构建了农业生态系统可持续性评价体系。利用熵值赋权与变异系数的综合确权法和系统耦合协调度模型,对甘肃省农业生态系统的可持续性进行测度评价。结果表明:2014-2018年甘肃省农业生态系统可持续性呈现出总体向好的发展态势,综合指数值由0.2074增长到0.8796;近年来,甘肃省农业资源禀赋发展水平较低,增长速度缓慢,最高指数值仅为0.1395;2017年以来,甘肃省农村社会效益得到大幅提升,但指数值及其增长速度仍然较低,故增强农村社会发展能力仍是当前亟待关注的问题;甘肃省农业生态效益在生态系统可持续性评价系统中的影响显著性逐年增大,两者的交互作用愈发增强,2018年其指数值达到0.2990;评价年份期间,各子系统耦合协调度由0.0233增长到0.2153,仍处于“轻度不协调”状态,但表现出了良性发展态势。据此,提出了完善生态补偿机制、增强农村社会发展能力、推进生态循环农业发展、制定系统间协调发展措施等促进农业生态系统可持续性的政策建议。

Agricultural ecosystem is a natural, social and economic complex system formed by the interaction between human be-ings and the environment, and its sustainability plays an important role in the rational use of agricultural resources, social and eco-nomic progress and the sound development of agriculture. Based on the four dimensions of agricultural resource endowment, eco-nomic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit, the paper constructs the evaluation system of agricultural ecosystem sustainabil-ity. The sustainability of agro-ecosystem in Gansu Province has been evaluated by using the method of entropy weighting and coeffi-cient of variation and the model of system coupling coordination degree. The results show that the sustainability of agricultural eco-system in Gansu Province displayed an overall good development trend from 2014 to 2018, and the comprehensive index value in-creased from 0.2074 to 0.8796. In recent years, the development level of natural endowment of agricultural resources in GansuProvince has been low and the growth rate has been slow, the highest index value is only 0.1395. Since 2017, the rural social bene-fit of Gansu Province has been greatly improved, but the index value and its growth rate are still low. The impact of agro-ecologicalbenefits in Gansu Province is increasing significantly year by year, and the interaction between the two is getting stronger and stron-ger. In 2018, the index value reached 0.2990, the coupling coordination degree of each subsystem has increased from 0.0233 to 0.2153, which is still in a state of"slight incoordination", but it shows a benign development trend. Based on this, the paper putsforward some policy suggestions to improve the mechanism of ecological compensation, enhance the capacity of rural social develop-ment, promote the development of eco-circular agriculture, and work out the measures of inter-system coordinated development topromote the sustainability of agro-ecosystem.