疫情冲击下的城市空巢老人:生计风险与生计重建

Urban Empty-Nest Elderly Under the Impact of Epidemic Situation:Livelihood Risk and Its Reconstruction

随着老龄化程度的加深,城市老年空巢家庭数量不断增加。空巢老人普遍面临着物质资本薄弱、人力资本劣势和社会资本下降等生计问题,突发的新型冠状肺炎疫情严重威胁到老年人的健康甚至生命,对空巢老年人的日常生活也产生巨大挑战,明显加剧了他们的孤独感和恐惧感,产生了身心俱疲、财产受损等诸多风险后果,也加重了家庭和社会的养老负担。灾难的启示与本研究的建议包括,应提高空巢老人灾难预防和准备能力,重视空巢老人灾中应急生活保障,建立空巢老人生计恢复援助体系,发挥家庭的养老支持功能,构建空巢老人社区服务与邻里互助体系,完善多层次社区居家养老服务。

With the deepening of aging degree in China, the number of urban empty nest elderly is increasing. Empty nest elderly are generally faced with livelihood problems such as weak material capital, inferior human capital and declining social capital. The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has seriously threatened the health and even life of the elderly. It also has a great challenge to the daily life of the empty nest elderly, which has significantly intensified their sense of loneliness and fear, resulting in physical and mental fatigue, property damage and other risk consequences and increases the burden of family and society. The enlightenment and suggestions of this study include: we should improve the disaster prevention and preparation, attach importance to the emergency living security of the empty nest elderly, establish the livelihood recovery assistance system for them, give play to the support function of the family, construct the community service and neighborhood mutual aid system for the empty nest elderly, and improve the multi-level community home-based elderly care service.