欧洲熊蜂蜂王体重及日龄对交配的影响

Study on the Eff ects of Body Weight and Age of Queen on Its Matingin Bombus terrestris

为了探明欧洲熊蜂蜂王体重和日龄与蜂王交配成功率的关系,本实验按照雌雄比1∶2在人工交配笼中投放欧洲熊蜂蜂王和雄性蜂,观察3d、4d、5d、6d、7d的处女王与性成熟雄性蜂交配率,同时分析不同体重对熊蜂蜂王交配率的影响。结果表明,不同出房日龄熊蜂蜂王交配前的潜伏时间不同(以蜂王进入交配笼到开始与雄性蜂交配为潜伏时间,此阶段称为潜伏期),出房3d潜伏时间为31.25min,出房7d为10.55min,潜伏时间随蜂王日龄的增加而减少,但交配持续时间无明显差异。交配率随蜂王日龄的增加而明显升高,且差异显著(P<0.05),出房3d交配率为24.44%,4d为28.89%,5d为40%,6d为57.78%,7d为71.11%。此外,试验表明,体重大的蜂王交配成功率越高,潜伏时间越短,但蜂王是否能够成功交配与其交配前后体重变化之间无显著相关性。由此可知,不同日龄的处女王和性成熟雄性蜂交配过程中,蜂王交配成功率随日龄增加而增高,而潜伏时间逐渐缩短。交配过程中雄性蜂具有性选择的交配行为,雄性蜂更倾向与体重大的蜂王交配。

In order to investigate the effects of queen bee weight and age on the mating in Bombus terrestris,in this experiment,the queen and male bees were placed in the artifi cial mating cage according to the male-female ratio of 1∶2.At the same time,divided into four groups of ABCD,and then analyzed the eff ect of diff erent weights on mating of bumblebee queen.The latency time of the bumblebee queen at diff erent ages is diff erent(the latency time is from the queen entering the mating cage to the start of mating with male bees,this stage is called the latency period).The latency time decreases with the age of the queen,but there is no signifi cant diff erence in mating time.The mating rate increased signifi cantly with the age of the queen,and the diff erence was signifi cant(P<0.05).The mating rate on the 3d was 24.44%,28.89%on 4d,40%on 5d,57.78%on 6d,and 71.11%on 7d.In addition,the experiment showed that the body weight of the queen was higher and the latency was shorter,but there was no signifi cant diff erence between the queen bee’s weight changes before and after mating at diff erent mating states.During mating between queens of diff erent ages and sexually mature male bees,we found that the mating rate of queen bees increased with age,and the latency time was gradually shortened.In the mating process,bumblebees have sexually selected mating behaviors,and male bees are more likely to mate with body queens.