黄河流域麦棉两熟种植模式经济效益分析与展望

An Economic Benefit Analysis and Prospect of Wheat and Cotton Double Cropping Pattern in the Yellow River Basin

麦棉两熟是黄河流域棉区重要的农作制之一,有利于缓解我国粮棉争地矛盾和实现麦棉同步增产。综述和评价了麦棉两熟种植模式的田间配置方式、产量变化、生产成本及经济效益等特征。重点介绍了麦棉两熟近10年来产量趋势以及春套、夏套、平播复种等3种方式下的田间配置参数和土地当量比特征;论述和比较了不同麦棉模式间的周年投入、作物管理阶段的物质与人工分配特征及差异、种植效益、劳动力和物质生产效率等内容。最后,从农业生产经济效益和种植成本核算方面展望了麦棉新模式的科技需求,并就如何提高种植效益提出了相关建议,旨在为麦棉两熟模式的种植规划、生产管理、科学投入和节本增效提供相关经济指标依据。

The wheat-cotton double cropping(WCDC),one of the most important cropping systems in the Yellow River Basin,is helpful to alleviate the contradiction between grain and cotton competing for land and increase wheat and cotton output simultaneously.This paper overviews and evaluates layout modes of farmland,yield variations,production costs and benefits in WCDC,specifically introduces the yield trend over the past 10 years and the layout modes and land equivalent ratio in three patterns of WCDC(April cotton intercropped wheat,short-season cotton intercropped wheat,cotton after wheat).In addition,this paper discusses and compares the annual input between different wheat and cotton models,the distribution characteristics and differences of materials and labor in the crop management stage,planning benefits,labor and material production efficiency.Finally,the paper prospects the scientific and technological requirements of the new wheat and cotton models from the aspects of economic benefits and costs of agricultural production,and puts forward relevant suggestions on how to improve cropping benefits.The aim is to provide relevant economic indicator reference for planting planning,production management,scientific invest and cost saving and efficiency improvement in WCDC.