3种香薷属植物叶花果挥发性成分比较分析

Comparative analysis of volatile components in leaves, flowers, and fruits of three Elsholtzia plants

【目的】为了解北京地区3种乡土香薷属(Elsholtzia)植物的挥发性成分,探究不同香薷属植物各部位的挥发性成分差异,【方法】采用顶空固相微萃取-气相质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)法对北京地区分布的木本香薷(E.stauntoni)、海州香薷(E.splendens)和香薷(E.ciliata)的叶、花、果的挥发性成分进行比较分析。【结果】从3种香薷属植物中共检测到主要挥发性成分51种,有萜烯类、酯类、醇类、烷类、酮类、酸类、酚类、醛类和呋喃9大类,其中木本香薷中检测出24种,海州香薷中检测出34种,香薷中检测出22种,3种香薷属植物的共有挥发性成分中含量较高的为β-石竹烯和α-法尼烯。【结论】各种挥发性成分在3种香薷属植物的叶、花和果之间差异明显,2,3,5,6-四甲基苯酚、香薷酮和罗勒烯分别在木本香薷、海州香薷和香薷中有较高含量。

【Objective】The study aims to understand the volatile components of three indigenous Elsholtzia plants in Beijing area, and explore the difference among different organs. 【Method】Using the HS-SPME-GC-MS method the volatile components emitted from the leaves, flowers, and fruits of E. stauntoni, E. splendens, E. ciliate were analyzed and compared.【Results】A total of 51 volatile components were isolated and identified in these three Elsholtzia plants, which belonged to 9 volatile categories including terpenes, esters, alcohols, alkanes, ketones, acids, phenols, aldehydes, and furans. And 24, 34, and 22 volatile components were detected in E. stauntoni, E. splendens, and E. ciliate, respectively. Among the common volatile components emitted from three Elsholtzia plants, β-caryophyllene and α-Farnese showed high relative contents. 【Conclusion】There was significant difference in the volatile components among different species and different organs. 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenol, elsholtzone, and basilene presented high relative contents emitted in E. stauntoni, E. splendens, and E. ciliate, respectively.