日本跨境数据流动治理问题研究

Japan’s Cross-border Data Flow Governance

学界关于跨境数据流动治理的研究大多聚焦欧盟和美国,而关于日本的相关研究还没有实现专门化和细分化,且主要存在三方面的不足:政策演进研究不够系统,内在动机研究不够深入,规则研究不够专业。从演进特征看,日本政策推进起步晚但效率高;政策方向沿着国内立法及修法—双多边国际协议—推广全球理念与规则的路线进行。对于未来跨境数据流动全球规则的形成来说,日本具有自身独特优势。强化跨境数据流动治理是日本对冲经济衰退风险、发展数字经济的重要手段,是提高其制造业竞争能力的内在需求。从战略层面看,日本加强跨境数据流动治理根本上还是为提高网络空间软实力,增强综合国力和国际秩序主导权,抢抓跨境数据流动规则制定话语权。中日在跨境数据流动治理上存在一定的合作空间,应该从现有的跨境数据流动治理合作机制中选择和借鉴合作模式,同时也可以根据中日各自的国情探讨新的合作模式。

The existing academic researches on cross-border data flow governance mostly focus on the practice in the EU and the United States,leaving the research on Japan’s cross-border data flow governance less specified,with insufficient studies on Japan’s policy evolution,motivation and rule-making.Japan’s policy of cross-border data flow governance has a late start but is implemented in an efficient way,with the direction from domestic legislation,bilateral and multilateral international agreement to the formation of global rules.Japan has some unique advantage in promoting the rule-making of global cross-border data governance.Strengthening cross-border data flow governance serves as a way for Japan to hedge against economic recession and develop its digital economy that contributes to improve the competitiveness of its manufacturing industry.From a strategic perspective,Japan’s cross-border data flow governance also aims at improving its soft power in the cyberspace,which may enhance its overall national strength and leadership in the international order.China and Japan have certain space for cooperation in cross-border data flow governance.Both sides may not only choose and learn from the existing cross-border data cooperation mechanism but also try to explore new ways of cooperation according to their respective national condition.