从“管理”到“治理”:学区政策的演进逻辑和发展趋势

From“Management”to“Governance”:A Study of Policy Changes and Logic in School Districts

在教育管理政策中,学区作为不同类型的教育治理机构在新中国历史上历经变迁,折射出中国教育管理政策演变的逻辑共性。从历史演进来看,学区在改革开放后曾以教育行政部门派出机构的身份出现在地方政策中;21世纪以来的政策将学区定位为教育资源治理共同体,淡化了行政色彩。这一变迁历程反映出,学区政策的发展始终以治理实践问题为动力,展现出由注重效率向强调公平转变的价值取向。同时,政策一直以权力配置的矛盾作为实践问题的归因,因调整了学区的权力属性、范围和运作方式。研究最后立足现实,以国家顶层设计为依据,对该政策的发展趋势进行了展望。

In China’s educational management policy,the school district,as different types of educational governance institution,has gone through changes,reflecting the logical commonness of the evolution of China’s education management policies.Historically,school district appeared in some local policies as the agency of education administration department after the reform and opening up.Since the 21st century,the school district is positioned as a governance community of education resource,diluted its administrative factor.This change reflects that the development of such policy has always been driven by practical problem,while its value orientation changes from efficiency to fairness.At the same time,education policy always takes the contradiction of power allocation as the attribution of practical problems,so it constantly adjusts the attribute,scope and operation mode of school district’s power.Finally,based on the reality and the top-level design of national education,the study looks forward to the trend of this policy.