多重话语博弈下的电影放映——以1949年以前的中国电影放映为考察中心

The Film Exhibition under Multiple Discourse:An Investigation Focusing on Film Exhibition in China before 1949

电影放映研究是电影产业研究的重要组成部分。作为“电影场”的核心力量之一,电影放映要受到电影行业内外多重力量的共同影响和制约,而每一种力量背后均有着不同的话语和诉求。通过考察1949年以前的中国电影放映实践,可以发现影响电影放映的话语主要有四种:商业话语、大众话语、精英话语和意识形态话语。这四种话语往往并不是孤立地发挥作用,而是相互交织、相互缠绕,有时甚至相互博弈、相互冲突。在某些情况下,其中某一种话语会占据主导,但更多情况是多种话语共同发挥作用,使得电影放映成为承载多重话语的文化实践。

The film exhibition study is an important part of film industry research.As one of the core forces in“film field”,film exhibition is deeply influenced by multiple forces inside and outside the film industry,and each force has different discourse.By examining the practice of film exhibition in China before 1949,we can find that there are four kinds of discourse that influence the film exhibition,namely commercial discourse,popular discourse,elite discourse and ideological discourse.These four kinds of discourse do not often work in isolation,but intertwine with each other,even conflict with each other.Sometimes a certain kind of discourse will dominate,but more often,multiple discourse will work together,which makes film exhibition a cultural practice with various discourse.