梅花象喻与南宋审美文化

Metaphor of Plum Blossom and Aesthetic Culture of Southern Song Dynasty

梅花是继牡丹之后又一种意义承载丰富的花卉,南宋是其象喻形成的关键时期。梅花象喻能够深入文化生活的各个层面,与其精神品格和当时的审美文化特征深相契合密切相关。梅花审美的丰富性使它得以进入社会生活当中,成为人们日常生活不可或缺的风景。南宋时期,士绅阶层成为社会文化的主要承载者,梅花象喻,表现着他们的审美理想和人格诉求、人格境界,当时的审美好尚因此发生了变化,由以往的追求妙解天人、澄怀观物转向追求旖旎婉转、摇曳多姿,由浑朴大方转向细美婉约,梅花的特性正好与社会审美理想对梅格的体认与塑造相适应,因之它成为人们审美理想的重要寄托和象喻。美是道德的象征,中国传统文化高度强调美和善的统一。梅格的塑造,立足于道德境界,融汇着人格美育精神;梅格的塑造进入人格理想与道德境界的层面,审美价值因之得到彰显和提升。

Plum blossom is another kind of flower with rich meanings after peony,and the Southern Song dynasty is the key period of its metaphor formation.The metaphor of plum blossom can go deep into all aspects of cultural life.Its spiritual character is closely related to the aesthetic cultural characteristics at that time.The richness of plum blossom aesthetics makes it enter into the social life and become an indispensable landscape in people's daily life.In the Southern Song dynasty,the gentry class became the main carrier of social culture.The metaphor of plum blossom showed their aesthetic ideal,personality pursuit and personality realm.Therefore,the aesthetic tendency has changed from the past pursuit of understanding heaven and comprehending of all things to the pursuit of charming and graceful,and from simple and generous to fine and graceful.The characteristics of plum blossom are just in line with social aesthetics ideal on the character of plum blossom,so it becomes the important sustenance and image metaphor of people's aesthetic ideal.Beauty is the symbol of morality,and Chinese tradition highly emphasizes the unity of beauty and kindness.The shaping of the character of plum blossom is also based on the moral realm and the spirit of aesthetic education of personality.When the shaping of the character of plum blossom goes into the level of personality ideal and moral realm,the aesthetic value is highlighted and promoted.