农民工社会资本的就业质量效应分异——基于回报差异和劳动力市场分割的双重视角

Differentiation of the Employment Quality Effect of Migrant Worker Social Capital:A Dual Perspective Based on Return Differences and Labor Market Segmentation

城市劳动力市场运行机制的不完善,使作为非正式制度的社会资本,对处于经济社会弱势地位的农民工的就业具有重要意义。基于CLDS调查数据,运用两阶段最小二乘回归和工具变量分位数回归等方法,系统评估社会资本对农民工就业质量的影响发现,社会资本显著促进了农民工就业质量的提升,但随着市场化进程的深入,这种促增效应会有所消减。农民工社会资本的就业质量效应存在一定的回报差异,集中表现为社会资本对就业质量条件分布高端的影响远大于对其低端的影响。引入劳动力市场分割因素后,社会资本对低端劳动力市场中就业质量较好的农民工和高端劳动力市场中就业质量较差的农民工的正向影响强烈,对建筑业和服务业农民工就业质量的积极效应相较于对制造业农民工而言更为明显。

The imperfect operation mechanism of the urban labor market makes the social capital an informal system important for the employment of migrant workers.Based on CLDS data,this paper evaluates the impact of social capital on the employment quality of migrant workers by two-stage least squares regression and instrumental variable quantile regression.The study finds that social capital has significantly promoted the improvement of the employment quality of migrant workers,but this promotional effect comes down with the deepening of the marketization process.There exists a certain difference in return in the employment quality effect of the social capital of different migrant worker groups.Mainly,the influence of social capital on the high-end distribution of employment quality is far greater than on its low-end distribution.After the introduction of the labor market segmentation factors,social capital is found to exert a strong positive impact on migrant workers in the low-end labor market with better employment quality as well as those in the high-end labor market with poor employment quality.The positive effect of social capital on the employment quality is observed to be more obvious among the migrant workers in the construction and service industries than those in the manufacturing industries.