知识产权保护行为、创新产出与企业绩效——基于江苏省制造业企业微观创新调查

Intellectual Property Behavior and the Performance of Firms:Evidence from Jiangsu Province Innovation Survey

中国经济已经由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,而经济的高质量发展归根结底是通过企业的高质量发展来实现的。制造业企业是经济发展和技术创新的“主力军”,有效保障其创新成果可以从根本上激励以创新为驱动的高质量发展。基于对江苏省制造业企业的两次微观创新调查,研究制造业企业知识产权保护行为、创新产出和企业绩效间的关系,通过将企业知识产权保护行为纳入传统的CDM模型后发现:企业采取不同的知识产权保护机制受到创新产出类型和机制有效程度的影响;采取保密等非正式知识产权保护机制的企业会显著降低企业绩效,而采取专利等正式知识产权保护机制并不会对企业绩效有显著影响;我国企业对创新保护机制的选择由2002年偏好保密等非正式机制转向了2014年更偏好专利等正式保护机制,但是更多使用专利等正式保护机制无法带来短期内企业绩效的增长,原因是创新回报周期变长。研究结论为企业如何选择知识产权保护机制从而有效保障企业创新收益提供了对策,也为制定能激励企业以创新为驱动的高质量发展的知识产权保护体制拓宽了思路。

The Chinese economy is shifting from high speed growth to high quality development,which,in turn,is ultimately driven by the high quality development of enterprises.Manufacturing enterprises form the'main force'in the economic development and the technological innovation,so a proper protection on their innovation achievements can fundamentally promote their innovation-driven high quality development.Based on the micro-innovation surveys of manufacturing enterprises in Jiangsu Province,this study analyzes the relationship between intellectual property behavior,innovation output and the firm performance.By incorporating intellectual property behavior into the traditional CDM model,it is found that choice of different intellectual property protection mechanisms is affected by the effectiveness of the mechanism and the type of innovation output.In 2002 and 2014,enterprises that adopt informal protection mechanisms,such as keeping secret,experience a significant decline in their performance,while those adopting formal protection mechanisms do not exhibit such a trend.The preferred choice of intellectual property protection mechanisms by Chinese enterprises has shifted from informal mechanisms in 2002 to formal mechanisms,such as taking patents,in 2014.However,more formal protection mechanisms cannot be expected to bring short-term growth,mainly due to the longer return cycle of the innovation.The conclusions of this study suggest possible ways for enterprises to choose the right intellectual property mechanism for an effective protection of their innovation profits,and to broaden the way of formulating an intellectual property protection system that can encourage enterprises in their efforts to push forward innovation-driven high quality development.