大学师生教育交往之思:从“占有式”走向“存在式”——基于弗洛姆“生存哲学论”的视阈

Thoughts on Educational Communication Between College Teachers and Students:From“Possession”to“Existence”Based on Fromm’s“Philosophy of Existence”

教育交往是教学的基本形式。存在式教育交往是大学教育本真的应然旨归,是大学教育质量保障与提升的必然要求,是充分实现大学教育社会功能的必由之路。然而由于生活世界功利化形塑的交往者“市场人格”、合法性压力驱动形成的大学“技术理性主义”行动路径、评价制度导向下发展的学生“占有式”行动惯习、“尊师重道”和高权力距离教学文化塑造与固化的师生“主-从”交往角色,大学教育遭遇“占有式”教育交往泛滥的现代性困境。高校应通过建构“以人为本”的教育质量文化,创建有利于教育本体价值实现的高等教育管理制度和有利于促进存在式教育交往的内部评价制度,实现教师权威由“外在依附”向“内在生成”转化,促进大学中的“占有式”教育交往向“存在式”教育交往转变。

Educational communication is the basic form of teaching.Existential education communication is the true purpose of university education,the inevitable requirement for the guarantee and improvement of university education quality,and the only way to fully realize the social function of university education.However,due to the“market personality”of communicators shaped by utility of the life world,the action path of university“technical rationalism”formed by the pressure of legitimacy,and the“occupation”action habits of students developed under the guidance of the evaluation system,the“master-slave”interaction role of teachers and students shaped and solidified by“respect of master”and high-power distance teaching culture,university education encounters the modern dilemma of the proliferation of“possessive”education interactions.By constructing a“people-oriented”education quality culture,a higher education management system conducive to the realization of the value of education and an internal evaluation system conducive to the promotion of existing educational interactions should be created.The teacher authority should be changed from“external attachment”to“internal generation”to promote the transformation of“possessive”education in universities to“existential”education.