软质聚氨酯泡沫热释放抑制策略综述

Review on Heat Release Reduction of Flexible Polyurethane Foam

软质聚氨酯泡沫被广泛用作飞机、汽车座椅的坐垫,以及家具的垫材等,然而其较低的分解温度、较高的碳氢含量和开孔率,使其易燃性强、火灾威胁大,一旦燃烧,热释放速率极高,难以同时实现对其火焰蔓延和热释放的抑制。本文详细综述了软质聚氨酯泡沫的燃烧分解规律、气相阻燃、凝聚相阻燃和涂层阻燃策略,并深入分析了3种阻燃策略的作用机理及其抑制火焰蔓延和热释放的贡献,最后从聚氨酯结构改性和表面处理的角度对阻燃软质聚氨酯泡沫的可持续发展方向提出了展望。

Flexible polyurethane foam is widely used as cushions for airplanes and car seats,as well as furniture.However,it is of high flammability and fire risk because of its low decomposition temperature,high hydrocarbon content,and high porosity.In addition,the burning of flexible polyurethane foam results in a very high heat release.It is a big challenge to simultaneously reduce flame propagation speed and heat release rate.This review provides a historical overview of decomposition behavior and flame-retardant strategies,including gaseous phase flame retardant,condensed phase flame retardant,and surface flame-retardant treatment,for flexible polyurethane foam.Additionally,the flame-retardant mechanisms and shortages of these strategies are discussed.The sustainable development of flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam is prospected from the perspective of structural modification and surface treatment of polyurethane.