野大麦内生真菌共生体研究进展

Advances in research on Hordeum brevisubulatum–Epichloëbromicola symbionts

禾草内生真菌共生体是植物微生物和农业微生物研究体系中非常重要的一个方向,近30年的研究中,野大麦(Hordeum brevisubulatum)内生真菌共生体取得了显著进展。本文从野大麦内生真菌和野大麦内生真菌共生体两个方面进行概述。1)野大麦内生真菌:包括内生真菌的分布、带菌率、检测及去除方法、生物生理学特性、形态及产碱多样性;2)野大麦内生真菌共生体:主要包括耐盐、耐旱、耐涝、耐寒、耐老化等非生物胁迫抗性和抗病、抗虫等生物胁迫抗性,以及外源物质对共生体的影响。本文展望了野大麦内生真菌资源的挖掘、提高共生体抗逆的机制(包括基因水平和蛋白水平),以及利用内生真菌进行禾草与粮饲作物新品种选育;以发挥新共生体、新品种的多种抗逆性优势,以期为盐碱地改良、环境与生态修复等领域做出更大的贡献。

Grass and Epichloëendophyte symbionts are an important direction in the study of plant–microbe and agro–microbe systems.Over the past thirty years,research on wild barley(Hordeum brevisubulatum)endophytic symbionts has revealed outstanding findings.This article summarizes advances in research from two aspects:wild barley H.brevisubulatum and its endophytic symbiont E.bromicola.The distribution of E.bromicola in host tissue and its infection rate,detection and removal methods,biophysiological properties,morphology,and alkaloid production are described.The resistance of the symbiont E.bromicola to abiotic(salinity,drought,water logging,cold,and seed aging)and biotic(pathogens and pests)stresses as well as the effects of exogenous substances on the symbiont are discussed.The article prospects the extraction of literature on wild barley endophytes and the mechanisms for improving resistance(at the gene and protein level)using a novel endophyte to breed new varieties of grasses and cereals.Given the advantage of resistance to various stresses,these new symbionts and host varieties can be used to improve saline soils and restore ecological balance,among others.